TdB Labs AB 40 kDa Dextran Sulfate Sodium for Colitis Induction

Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) is a synthetic sulfated polysaccharide derived from dextran. It is widely used in immunological research to induce colitis in animal models, particularly mice, to study inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). DSS is known for its anticoagulant properties and its ability to disrupt the colonic epithelium, leading to increased permeability and intestinal bleeding. This compound is available as a white to off-white powder that is readily soluble in water.

Features and Benefits:

• High Purity: Dextran Sulfate Sodium is supplied as a high-purity, white to off-white powder, ensuring consistent and reliable results in research applications.
• Solubility: The compound is freely soluble in water and salt solutions, forming a stable, clear solution, which makes it easy to use in various experimental setups.
• Anticoagulant Activity: DSS possesses anticoagulant properties, making it useful in studies related to blood coagulation and related disorders.
• Induction of Colitis: Widely used in immunological research, DSS is an indispensable tool for inducing colitis in animal models, helping to advance the understanding of inflammatory bowel diseases.
• Versatile Molecular Weight: Available in various molecular weights, such as 36 to 50 kDa, to suit different research needs and applications.
• Mechanism of Action: DSS induces colitis by causing injury to the colonic epithelium, leading to increased permeability and promoting intestinal bleeding, which mimics the conditions of inflammatory bowel disease.
• Research Applications: Ideal for use in studies involving colitis, blood coagulation, and other immunological research areas.
• Quality Assurance: Produced under stringent quality control measures to ensure high reproducibility and reliability in research outcomes.

Mechanism of Colitis Induction by Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS):

• Intestinal Barrier Disruption: DSS acts as a chemical toxin to the colonic epithelium, causing epithelial cell injury and disrupting the intestinal epithelial monolayer. This disruption allows luminal bacteria and antigens to enter the mucosa, triggering an inflammatory response.
• Factors Influencing Effectiveness: The effectiveness of DSS-induced colitis depends on factors such as DSS concentration (1% to 5%), duration and frequency of administration, molecular weight, animal strain, and microbial environment.
• Acute vs Chronic Colitis: Acute colitis is induced by administering DSS for 6 to 10 days, resulting in weight loss, diarrhea, and hematochezia. Chronic colitis is induced through 4 to 5 repeated cycles of DSS, each cycle consisting of one week of DSS administration followed by 7 to 14 days of sterile water.
• Carcinogenesis: The DSS model is used to study colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Combining DSS with azoxymethane (AOM) induces chronic colitis and dysplasia, mimicking human ulcerative colitis.
• Differences in Inflammatory Profiles: DSS colitis increases cytokine and chemokine production, starting on the first day. Key mediators include TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-1β, and TGF-β.
• Disruption of Intestinal Barrier Function: DSS disrupts the intestinal barrier by altering tight junction proteins, leading to increased permeability and inflammation.
• Effects on Mucin: DSS affects mucin production and function, compromising the mucus barrier and contributing to colitis.
• Alteration of Microbial Balance: DSS changes the gut microbiota composition, influencing inflammation and disease progression.
• Changes in Metabolome: DSS alters the gut metabolome, affecting metabolic processes and contributing to IBD pathogenesis.